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Publications
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| "Классификация психических расстройств по МКБ-10" |
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| A Guide to HIV Drug Resistance | David Margolis | [website] |
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| HIV is a tough little virus. Although scientists have spent the last 25 years designing medications to fight it, HIV can learn to adapt and avoid these medications. When this happens, we say you've developed "drug resistance." By the time you've finished reading this booklet, we hope you'll have a much better understanding of how resistance works, how your doctors can test for it and what options you have if you find that your HIV is resistant to one or more HIV medications. | ||||
| A prospective study of bacillus Calmette-Guérin scar formation and tuberculin skin test reactivity in infants in Lima, Peru. | Satiago E M et al. | Pediatrics | e298 |
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| OBJECTIVES: To determine the sensitivity of the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) scar as an indicator of previous vaccination and to ascertain the tuberculin skin test (TST) response in infancy after vaccination in a community from an area hyperendemic for tuberculosis (TB). METHODS: In a birth cohort of healthy term infants from Lima, Peru, a single dose of BCG vaccine was administered within the first month of life. Scar formation was assessed biweekly during the first 6 months and again at 3 years after vaccination. TST response was evaluated 6 months after vaccination. RESULTS: Six months after vaccination, 99% (68) of the newborns exhibited a BCG scar (>2 mm). Scar size did not differ by sex, birth weight, age at vaccination, or nutritional status in the first 2 months. Eighty percent of the participants were found 3 years after vaccination, and all of them had a BCG scar. Mean TST reaction size 6 months after vaccination was 2.9 +/- 0.3 mm. No association was found between sex or age at BCG vaccination and TST size. Only 3 children had a TST >10 mm, and the 3 had a TB contact at home. CONCLUSIONS: The BCG scar was a sensitive indicator of vaccination status up to 3 years after the administration of the vaccine in the first month of life. Although nearly a quarter of the children had a TST response >5 mm 6 months after vaccination, TST reactions >10 mm did not occur in the absence of exposure to a person with tuberculosis. A cutoff of 10 mm should be used for disease control purposes in people who are born in countries where TB is endemic. | ||||
| A Rapid Review of Rapid HIV Antibody Tests | Jeffrey L. Greenwald, MD, Gale R. Burstein, MD, MPH, FAAP, Jonathan Pincus, MD, and Bernard Branson, MD | Currrent Infectious Disease Reports | 8:125-131 |
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| Rapid HIV antibody tests recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration can help reduce unrecognized infections by improving access to testing in both clinical and nonclinical settings and increase the proportion of those tested who learn their results. Four rapid HIV antibody tests are now available in the United States; two are approved for use at point-ofcare sites outside a traditional laboratory. All four tests are interpreted visually. Sites offering rapid HIV testing must periodically run external controls (known HIV-positive and HIV-negative specimens) and provide persons who undergo rapid testing a subject information sheet. This paper reviews the operating and performance characteristics, quality assurance and laboratory requirements, and HIV counseling implications of the currently available rapid HIV tests. | ||||
| American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America: Treatment of Tuberculosis |
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| The recommendations in this document are intended to guide the treatment of tuberculosis in settings where mycobacterial cultures, drug susceptibility testing, radiographic facilities, and second-line drugs are routinely available. In areas where these resources are not available, the recommendations provided by the World Health Organization, the International Union against Tuberculosis, or national tuberculosis control programs should be followed. | ||||
| Antiretroviral therapy in pregnant women with advanced HIV disease and pregnancy outcomes in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. |
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| BCG scars in northern Malawi: sensitivity and repeatability of scar reading, and factors affecting scar size. | Floyd S, Ponnighaus JM, Bliss L, Warndorff DK, Kasunga A, Mogha P, Fine PE. | Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2000 Dec;4(12):1133-42. | 1133-42 |
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| SETTING: Karonga district, northern Malawi. OBJECTIVE: To assess the sensitivity and repeatability of BCG scar reading, and factors affecting scar size. DESIGN: Follow-up of individuals aged > 3 months who were recruited into a BCG vaccine trial (1986-1989), and of infants vaccinated in health centres (1989-1991), who were examined for presence and size of BCG scars in subsequent years. All examinations were carried out blind of information on true vaccination status or the results of previous examinations. RESULTS: For trial individuals who were considered scar negative at recruitment and received BCG, the sensitivity of scar reading was > or = 93%, repeatability was > or = 94% for those < 60 years old at vaccination, and only around 1% were assessed as having > 1 BCG scar post-vaccination. For infants vaccinated when < 1 month old in health centres, the proportion who still had recognisable scars 4 years later was < 80%. Scars were larger in individuals with a prior BCG vaccination, and for those aged 15-59 at vaccination the scars were approximately 1 mm larger for males than for females. CONCLUSIONS: A BCG scar is a highly sensitive and repeatable indicator of vaccination status when the vaccine is properly handled, delivered appropriately, and given at over 3 months of age, but not for vaccinations given within 1 month of birth. Given that most vaccinations in the world are given soon after birth, this low sensitivity will lead to both vaccine coverage and vaccine efficacy being underestimated in studies in which vaccination status is inferred from the presence/absence of a distinctive BCG scar. Age-sex patterns identified for scar size show important similarities to those found with skin test responses to tuberculin. | ||||
| CDC Revised Recommendations for HIV Testing of Adults, Adolescents, and Pregnant Women in Health-Care Settings |
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| For pregnant women: * HIV screening should be included in the routine panel of prenatal screening tests for all pregnant women. * HIV screening is recommended after the patient is notified that testing will be performed unless the patient declines (opt-out screening). * Separate written consent for HIV testing should not be required; general consent for medical care should be considered sufficient to encompass consent for HIV testing. * Repeat screening in the third trimester is recommended in certain jurisdictions with elevated rates of HIV infection among pregnant women. | ||||
| Chemotherapy and management of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: recommendations 1998 | Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society | Thorax 1998;53:536–548 | 536–548 |
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| Abstract Background—The guidelines on chemotherapy and management of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom have been reviewed and updated. Methods—A subcommittee was appointed by the Joint Tuberculosis Committee (JTC) of the British Thoracic Society to revise the guidelines published in 1990 by the JTC. In preparing the revised guidelines the authors took account of new published evidence and graded the strength of evidence for their recommendations. The guidelines have been approved by the JTC and the Standards of Care Committee of the British Thoracic Society. Recommendations—(1) Patients with tuberculosis should be notified. (2) In view of the rising incidence of drug resistance, bacteriological confirmation and drug susceptibility testing should be sought whenever possible. (3) A six month short course regimen, with four drugs in the initial phase, should be used for all forms of tuberculosis, except meningitis, in both adults and children. (4) The fourth drug (ethambutol) in the initial phase can be omitted in certain circumstances. (5) Treatment of all patients should be supervised by physicians with full training in the management of tuberculosis and with direct working access to tuberculosis nurse specialists or health visitors. (6) Advice is given on (a) management in special situations and patient groups, (b) drug interactions, and special precautions and pretreatment screening, (c) chemoprophylaxis for different groups, and (d) the management of single and multiple drug resistance. (7) Advice is given on follow up after treatment and the organisational framework for tuberculosis services. (8) The role of directly observed therapy is discussed. (9) The management of multidrug resistant tuberculosis is explained in outline: such patients should be managed by physicians with special experience and in close liaison with the Mycobacterium Reference Units, and in hospitals with appropriate isolation facilities. (10) Infection control and segregation for such patients and for patients with dual infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis are covered in an appendix. | ||||
| Chronic Hepatitis B: Update 2009 | AASLD PRACTICE GUIDELINES | Hepatology |
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| This guideline has been approved by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and represents the position of the Association. It has been endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | ||||
| Clinical guidelines for withdrawal management and treatment of drug dependence in closed settings | Sarah Larney, Bradley Mathers, Kate Dolan et al | © World Health Organization | 88 |
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| These guidelines provide information about drugs and drug dependence; the management of drug withdrawal; and approaches to treatment for drug dependence. | ||||
| Clinical HIV/AIDS care guidelines |
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| Complications of HIV disease and antiretroviral therapy | Currier JS, Havlir DV. | Top HIV Med | 57-67. |
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| Continued progress in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of complications of HIV disease and antiretroviral therapy were reported at the 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. This year's conference brought new data on the optimal management of antiretroviral therapy in the presence of different opportunistic infections and included a number of important studies on pathogenesis and epidemiology of long-term complications. Major areas in which new information was presented are highlighted in this article. | ||||
| CROI 2010 Wrap-Up: The Evolution of Antiretroviral Therapy: A Discussion With Joel Gallant, M.D., M.P.H. |
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| Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection | http://www.americanpregnancy.org |
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| Drug Policy Guide | International Drug Policy Consortium | 1-115 |
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| This guide, and the network of expertise that exists across the IDPC, is designed to help in that process. The guide is divided into 15 chapters across four sections: * Principles for Effective Drug Policies * Criminal Justice * Health and Social Programmes. * Strengthening Communities. | ||||
| Drug- and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) | http://www.who.int |
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| Early Antiretroviral Therapy Reduces AIDS Progression/Death in Individuals with Acute Opportunistic Infections: A Multicenter Randomized Strategy Trial |
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| Essential prevention and care interventions for adults and adolescents living with HIV in resource-limited settings |
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